Without showing any bias to one method or another there are at least a couple of threads at Vinyl Engine on the subject which I think explain the subject of alignment very well. It may get a little technical at times but I read through it all more than once before I understood what was happening. I won't show bias by saying which method I chose.

The first article is on the subject of
arc protractors .
The second article is the one where I discovered the
Conrad Hoffman Protractor Calculator which I still use today. The link to Hoffman's calculator is in the 7th entry in the discussion below the article. The calculator uses tonearm parameters available from manufacturer or Vinyl Engine's database, the remaining data is achieved either by defaults or physical measurement. The calculator then prints out a bespoke arc protractor on A4 complete with null points, arc and a reference line of 200mm which is used to ensure printing is 100% accurate in size.